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Sustainable Mountain Tourism: Developing an Alternative Tourism Model for Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

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Tourism development in rural mountain regions of the developing world has distinct characteristics but at the same time, it has operational difficulties in terms of subsistence economics, fragile ecosystem services and high poverty and unemployment rates. Communities living in the mountain regions mainly depend on farming activities for their livelihoods and these resources are highly susceptible to climate and environmental changes. Diversification of non-farms livelihoods sources needs immediate policy attention in the mountain regions so that well-designed policy formulation and implementation is ensured well in time. The current growing tourism activities in the rural mountain regions of the world indicate that the tourism sector could be the leading livelihood source for the local community. 

Diwan House, Gulmit Hunza

Gilgit-Baltistan has unique tourism attractions offering all types of tourism activities. This part of Pakistan has plenty of mighty mountains and it hosts the junction point of the world’s three famous mountain ranges-The Karakoram range, the Himalaya range and the Hindu Kush range. This region has also diverse culture and rich biodiversity. Currently, the flow of tourists is increasing exponentially. To tackle such huge demand, the supply side of tourism needs to be ready on a sustainable basis. However, at present, tourism services are grown without any proper planning. The most pressing issues are the ill-planned construction of hotels, guest houses and restaurants which in turn posing threat to sustainable tourism development in the region. In order to avoid such ill-planned construction and to manage the growing tourism demand in Gilgit-Baltistan, there is a need to develop alternative tourism that ensures sustainable tourism development while ensuring the three main aspects of sustainable tourism-preservation and promotion of culture and heritage sites, ensuring local economic development and protecting the fragile mountain ecology.  The most relevant and appealing alternative tourism model can be of Community Based Tourism (CBT) model which takes into account the sociocultural, environmental and local economic development aspects of sustainable tourism. It as a form of tourism that is “owned and managed by the community for the community, with the purpose of enabling visitors to increase their awareness and learn about the community and local ways of life”. One of the practical examples of CBT is the homestay tourism model that allows tourists to reside with the local community and enjoy local cultural activities and way of life of the host community. It is argued homestays are not buying and selling of ‘just a bed’ but it is all about lifestyle hosted by the local community. The promotion of community-based tourism is a low-impact and environmentally sensitive way to travel. Scholars argued that such type of tourism helps to reduce poverty, social equality and environmental conservation and it also helps to ensure sustainable tourism in the region. Homestay tourism may offer cultural and natural attractions to tourism as indicated. This may create pressure on the sociocultural and environmental fabric of the region however, such pressure can be handled by the sensible management and such cases have already been seen in the case of Thailand, India, Nepal and Malaysia where codes of conduct at the community level were developed while taking necessary inputs and cooperation from all the stakeholders.

Models of Homestay in the world.
Country Homestay Model 
CanadaCulture homestay, Heritage homestay, Farm-stay 
USA Education Homestay, Agriculture homestay
IndonesiaLeisure homestay, Culture Homestay
SingaporeUrban homestay
Thailandculture homestay, student homestay, volunteer homestay
New Zealandcottage homestay, farm-stay
Japaneducational homestay, home visit
Australia Farm-stay
South AfricaLeisure homestay
South Korea educational homestay

Keeping in view the growing tourism demand and fragility of the mountain ecology in Gilgit-Baltistan, the homestay model can be a successful model if implemented with its true spirit. The development of the homestay model for Gilgit-Baltistan should be based on the principles of sustainable tourism development. It should serve the three main pillars of sustainability-economic sustainability, sociocultural sustainability and environmental sustainability. Under the economic sustainability pillar, economic diversity, job opportunities and economic equity must be ensured for the local community and in the case of the sociocultural pillar, the preservation and promotion of local culture and quality of services provided by the local community must be intact. Under environmental sustainability, the local community needs to be sensitized about the environmental impact of tourism, ensure the conservation of natural resources, reduction in environmental harm and integration of homestay with the local environment. Furthermore, local communities should be trained and empowered through the technical skills required for the homestay model so that they can directly manage the homestay model in line with the principles of sustainable development. The success of the homestay model in Gilgit-Baltistan will mainly depend on how the local community is able to understand the modalities of the model. For this purpose, a comprehensive research study on the feasibility of the homestay model, an understanding of the local community towards the homestay model, and the expected sociocultural, economic and environmental benefits to the local community are immensely required.

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Arts, Culture & Heritage

Exploring Baltit Fort: A Jewel of Hunza Valley

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Baltit Fort

Nestled in the heart of Pakistan’s breathtaking Hunza Valley, Baltit Fort is a testament to the region’s rich history and cultural heritage. This stunning fort, with its majestic wooden architecture and panoramic views, offers visitors a unique glimpse into the past while providing a gateway to the natural beauty of the surrounding landscape.

A Glimpse into History

Baltit Fort dates back over 700 years, originally built as a defensive structure to protect the local population. It was the residence of the ruling Mirs of Hunza until the mid-20th century. The fort’s design showcases a blend of Tibetan and Central Asian influences, reflecting the diverse cultural tapestry of the region. In 1993, it underwent extensive restoration, making it a significant site for history enthusiasts and casual visitors.

Architectural Marvel

As you approach the fort, you’ll be captivated by its distinctive architecture. The intricate wooden balconies, colorful frescoes, and robust stone walls create a striking visual appeal. The fort is built on a hillside, which adds to its charm and offers stunning views of the surrounding peaks, valleys, and the picturesque Hunza River.

A Journey Through Time

Once inside, you can explore various rooms and halls that were once occupied by the ruling family. The museum within the fort showcases artifacts, traditional clothing, and tools used by the locals, providing a deeper understanding of the region’s heritage. Each room tells a story, making your visit a journey through time.

Breathtaking Views

One of the highlights of visiting Baltit Fort is the breathtaking panoramic views it offers. The fort overlooks the vibrant landscapes of Hunza Valley, with terraced fields, orchards, and the majestic Rakaposhi and Ultar Sar mountains in the background. Be sure to bring your camera; the vistas are simply unforgettable.

Cultural Significance

Baltit Fort is not just a historical site; it is a cultural hub for the community. Throughout the year, various cultural events and festivals are held here, showcasing local music, dance, and art. Engaging with the local people and participating in these events can enrich your experience and provide insight into the traditions of the Hunza Valley.

Tips for Visiting

  • Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to explore Baltit Fort is from April to October, when the weather is pleasant, and the landscape is lush and vibrant.
  • Getting There: The fort is easily accessible from Karimabad, the main town in Hunza. You can either hike up the hill or take a short drive.
  • Guided Tours: Consider hiring a local guide who can provide in-depth knowledge about the fort’s history and significance.

Conclusion

Baltit Fort is more than just an ancient structure; it is a symbol of the enduring spirit of the Hunza Valley. Its historical significance, architectural beauty, and stunning natural surroundings make it a must-visit destination for travelers exploring Pakistan. Whether you’re a history buff, a photography enthusiast, or simply seeking to connect with nature, a visit to Baltit Fort will leave you with lasting memories and a deeper appreciation for this enchanting region. So pack your bags and embark on a journey to this extraordinary fort—you won’t be disappointed!

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Altit Fort Hunza: A Must-Visit Destination in Pakistan

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Altit Fort Hunza is a hidden gem in the heart of the Hunza Valley, Pakistan. This ancient fortress, dating back to the 11th century, offers a captivating blend of history, architecture, and natural beauty.

This is an ancient fort in the Altit town in the Hunza valley in Gilgit BaltistanPakistan. It was originally home to the hereditary rulers of the Hunza state who carried the title of ‘Mir‘, although they moved to the somewhat younger Baltit fort nearby three centuries later. The Fort and in particular the Shikari tower is around 1100 years old, which makes it the oldest monument in the Gilgit–Baltistan. The fort has received the UNESCO Asia Pacific Heritage Award for Cultural Heritage Conservation in 2011.

Why visit Altit Fort Hunza?

  • Historical Significance: As one of the oldest surviving monuments in the Hunza Valley, Altit Fort provides a glimpse into the region’s rich past.
  • Architectural Marvel: The fort’s intricate woodwork, carved balconies, and beautiful murals are a testament to the craftsmanship of its builders.
  • Panoramic Views: Perched on a hilltop, Altit Fort offers breathtaking vistas of the Hunza Valley and surrounding mountains.
  • Cultural Experience: The fort serves as a museum, showcasing artifacts and traditions of the Hunza people.
  • UNESCO World Heritage Site: Its recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage Site highlights its cultural and historical importance.

Tips for Visiting:

Best Time to Visit: Spring (March-May) and autumn (September-November) offer the most pleasant weather for visiting.

How to Get There: You can reach Altit Fort by trekking from Karimabad or hiring a taxi.

Entrance Fee: There is a small entrance fee to enter the fort.

Things to Do: Explore the fort’s chambers, visit the museum, and enjoy the panoramic views.

Don’t Forget: Bring a camera to capture the stunning scenery and architecture.

Here are some additional photos:

Altit Fort

This fort is a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Pakistan. Its historical significance, architectural beauty, and cultural richness make it a truly unforgettable experience.

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Panel Discussion on Community-Centric Tourism in Hunza on World Tourism Day

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WORLD TOURISM DAY SERENA HOTEL HUNZA

On World Tourism Day 2024, a significant panel discussion was held in Hunza, Gilgit-Baltistan, to explore the potential of community-centric tourism as a driver for sustainable economic development and cultural preservation. Experts, government officials, and industry leaders convened to discuss strategies for empowering local communities through tourism initiatives. 

A significant panel discussion titled “Community-Centric Tourism: Promoting Indigenous Culture for Sustainable Economic Empowerment” was held at Serena Hotel, Hunza. The event brought together experts, government officials, and industry leaders to explore how community-centric tourism can preserve cultural heritage and foster sustainable economic empowerment in Gilgit-Baltistan. 

The discussion highlighted the potential of local traditions and crafts as tourism drivers, helping to preserve Indigenous culture while creating economic opportunities for local communities. Lal Bano, one of the panelists and Manager of Karighar, highlighted how community-focused initiatives empower local artisans, especially women, by providing platforms to showcase their crafts and preserve traditional skills. Her insights emphasized the vital role these programs play in fostering economic independence and cultural preservation. 

Zameer Abbas, Secretary of Tourism, Sports & Culture, Gilgit-Baltistan, emphasized the government’s role in supporting sustainable tourism, outlining initiatives that encourage cultural preservation while boosting tourism opportunities. He stressed the importance of public-private partnerships to ensure long-term benefits for local communities. 

The event also focused on the challenges of promoting sustainable tourism in mountain regions. Raja Ali Anwar Khan, General Secretary of the Gilgit Baltistan Association of Tour Operators, offered insights into responsible tourism practices that protect the environment and benefit local populations economically. 

Prof. Dr. Attaullah Shah, Vice Chancellor of Karakoram International University, added academic perspectives, emphasizing the role of education in promoting sustainable tourism models that balance environmental, cultural, and economic goals. His input underscored the need for a well-rounded approach to tourism development in the region. The panel discussion concluded with several key takeaways, including the need to preserve indigenous culture as a core tourism component and strategies to empower local communities through tourism-related opportunities. 

Recommendations were made for stronger collaborations between the government, the private sector, and local communities to support sustainable tourism practices in Gilgit-Baltistan. By focusing on local communities, promoting indigenous culture, and adopting responsible practices, tourism can contribute to the region’s long-term prosperity.

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