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Climate Change and its impacts on Gilgit-Baltistan

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Climate change is posing an existential threat to humanity and it has become inevitable after the boom in the industrial revolution. The average temperature of the earth is rising and it has already warmed by 1.1ºC -1.2ºC. That is the reason that the glaciers and ice-sheets are melting rapidly and are causing the global sea level to rise. Similarly, the unusual weather patterns, floods, cyclones, frequent wildfires and habitat destruction of many organisms have increased the concern of humanity towards climate change. Gilgit Baltistan is home to the longest glacier chain outside the earth’s polar region. The changing weather pattern and increasing temperatures have led to rapid melting of glaciers in the region. 

A Better Understanding of Climate Change

Greenhouse gasses are natural gasses that are present in our atmosphere. These include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. These gasses play an important role in keeping the earth’s temperature feasible to sustain life on the earth. Without these gasses, the earth would be a frozen planet. These gasses trap the insolation coming from the sun and earth’s internal heat escapes into space. Among these gasses, carbon dioxide and methane are significant to study in terms of global warming. Although methane is a short-lived gas (12 years) in the atmosphere, it is 80 times more potent in warming the earth. It accounts for 30 percent of global warming. On the other hand, carbon dioxide is also dangerous for global warming because it lives for centuries in the atmosphere, trapping more and more heat.

The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon and the increased emissions of carbon after the industrial revolution has increased the thickness of greenhouse gasses in our atmosphere, which has led to global warming. Before the start of the industrial revolution in the mid eighteenth century, the amount of carbon in the atmosphere was 280ppm. However, with the increase in combustion of fossil fuels for expanding industries, this amount has now reached nearly 412ppm. Similarly, the concentration of carbon dioxide has been rising exponentially at a rate of about 0.17ppm per year. Therefore, there is a 47 percent increase in the amount of carbon dioxide globally that is rising the temperature of the earth through a heat trapping mechanism.

How climate change is a threat to Gilgit Baltistan

Pakistan’s contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions is less than 1 percent, but it is still on the brink of climate vulnerability. Gilgit Baltistan hosts more glaciated areas after polar regions, so it is the first place to be affected by climate change. Settlements residing downstream are in constant danger of Glacier Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF) events, which have become prominent in different regions of GB. The recent disastrous GLOF event in Hassanabad swept away the strategic Hassanabad bridge and cut off the land route of CPEC, as well as damaged the property of people. Many glaciers in the Himalayas and Hindukush are retreating, however, the glaciers in the Karakoram range are surging; known as the Karakoram anomaly. A similar event occurred at the Shisper glacier where the terminus advancement blocked the river flowing from both Shispher and Muchur glaciers, resulting in the formation of a lake.

The glaciers melting in the Himalayas and Hindukush region have increased to a dangerous level that they are retreating rapidly. As most of the glaciers in these ranges are debris covered glaciers that absorb solar insolation more quickly, that’s why increasing temperature is playing a role as the catalyst in the melting of glaciers. This is the reason that many smaller glaciers have disappeared in the Hindukush and Himalayan ranges. This has increased the water security concern of millions of people living downstream relying on these water resources for their agriculture, livelihood and domestic purposes. 

In addition, the early snowmelt runoffs in the months of March and early April, have become common in most of the ravines across Gilgit-Baltistan. A few years ago, the melting of glaciers in this region used to start in the months of late April and early May. This shows that the spring period has now shrunk and temperature starts to rise in the month of March. Similarly, an increase in intensity and duration of summer till late October, shows that the seasons of spring and autumn are disappearing, which have detrimental effects on the agriculture, livelihoods and glaciers of the region. This suggests that the temperature of the region has increased.   

Furthermore, the changed weather patterns due to climate change has brought severe risk to the northern areas. According to the research carried out by Focus Humanitarian Assistance (FCA), twenty percent of villages in four districts of the upper Indus basin fall under multiple hazard zones. Similarly, the torrential rainfall, cloud bursts and bad weather conditions in the months of June, July and August have increased the threats of landslides and flash floods, especially when the tourist influx to the region is at the peak. Many incidents in recent years have been reported when landslides, avalanches and flash flood hit tourists traveling to the northern areas. Similarly, it is also posing a threat to the local settlements and infrastructures. 

Conclusion

The severe weather conditions across the world and particularly in Pakistan, demonstrate that climate change is imminent and is a common cause of humanity. Therefore, joint efforts must be made to curb the menaces of climate change. Deforestation and exploitation of natural resources in Gilgit-Baltistan are the main reasons for altering the ecosystem that affects the climate of the region. Therefore, national and international environmental agencies and humanitarian organizations must expand their role to fight climate change by taking firm steps. Similarly, awareness to the common masses must be provided, through social media to inform them about the enormity of the situation. Children in schools must be educated about the rising consequences of climate change because the majority of the population is either unaware of climate change or considers it a myth. 

Hussain Rabbani 

The writer is a graduate of earth sciences from the Karakoram International University, Gilgit.

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Clean Gilgit-Baltistan Project by Nestlé Pakistan Reaches Askole – Zero Point to K2

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In line with its vision for a waste-free future, Nestlé Pakistan has expanded the Clean Gilgit-Baltistan Project (CGBP) to Askole – Zero Point, a remote hamlet located almost 10,000 feet above sea level and the final settlement before the K2 base camp. The initiative will support the collection and recycling of approximately 40,000 kilograms of annual plastic waste from the region.

As part of the expansion, Nestlé Pakistan has donated a compressing and baling machine to the Central Karakoram National Park (CKNP). The machine will enable efficient compression of various types of plastics and paper waste collected in the area, which will then be transported downstream for recycling in collaboration with the Gilgit Baltistan Waste Management Company (GBWMC).

Acknowledging the effort, Raja Nasir, Minister for Planning, Government of Gilgit-Baltistan said,

“We are delighted at Nestlé’s efforts for a waste-free future, in this fragile site Askole, that is close to important glaciers of Baltoro and Biafo, considered to be the gateway to some of world’s highest peaks and the launchpad for mountaineering expeditions.”

Speaking on the occasion, Jason Avanceña, CEO Nestlé Pakistan, said,

“We are accelerating our actions to reduce the environmental impact of various kinds of packaging waste. Our vision is that none of our packaging, including plastics, ends up in landfill nor in oceans, lakes and rivers.”
“Tackling packaging waste requires a collective action of leveraging public private partnerships to find improved solutions to reduce, reuse and recycle,” he added.

Sharing key project milestones, Sheikh Waqar Ahmad, Head of Corporate Affairs & Sustainability, Nestlé Pakistan, said,

“Earlier, as part of the CGBP, Nestlé installed three compressing and baling machines, one each in Gilgit, Hunza and Skardu, along with a sorting machine in collaboration with EPA-GB and GBWMC. In the last five years, these efforts culminated into waste management facilitation of over 6800 tons of plastic packaging in the region, making a positive environmental impact.”

Nestlé Pakistan has previously contributed to regional sustainability by installing 225 benches and over 100 waste bins made from recycled plastic across 16 tourist hotspots in Gilgit, Hunza, Skardu, Shigar, and Kharmang. The company also donated 15,000 reusable bags for distribution among local communities.

Commissioner Baltistan, Kamal Khan, appreciated the expansion of the project to Askole – Zero Point and emphasized the importance of preserving the natural landscape of the region.

“We are thankful that Nestlé is playing a role in promoting a waste-free Gilgit-Baltistan.”

Also present at the occasion were Wali Ullah Fallahi, Deputy Commissioner Shigar, and senior representatives of CKNP and local administration.

This initiative contributes to UN Sustainable Development Goals 12 (Responsible Consumption & Production) and 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), by improving waste management systems and supporting local environmental resilience in one of Pakistan’s most ecologically sensitive regions.

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Rumi, the Moral Psychologist

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Maulana Jalal-ud-Din Mohammad (1207-1273), popularly known as Rumi, was a Muslim theologian-turned-poet. His poetry, published in two genres of masnavi and ghazal is mainly focused on the idea of love and its relation to the intimacy with God. However, the thoughts of Rumi, expressed through thousands of verses and ghazals, go beyond love and touch upon various aspects of human life and the universe. Even a cursory reading of Rumi’s poetry reveals his wide-ranging and thoughtful expressions on nature, universe, world, anger, lust, justice, purity, etc. According to Ahmed Javed, a contemporary literary critic, Rumi is the best author of human experience in the world. In other words, Rumi best describes the meaning of being a human on planet earth. Alan Williams, professor of Iraninan studies and translator of the works of Rumi, has identified the voice of moral reflection or homily as one of the seven voices while defining the narrative structure of Masnavi, a long poem by Rumi published in 06 volumes. Similar vein of advice and observations on moral psychology can be found in over 3,000 ghazals of Divan or Divan-e- Shams, the collection of ghazals by Rumi. Brittanica, an online encyclopedia, defines moral psychology as “the empirical and conceptual study of moral judgement, motivation and development”. This article details the verses of Rumi, from both Masnavi and Divan, which convey the deep observations of the poet regarding moral psychology. The verses are easily discernible for enduring reliability.


Like other poets, Rumi deploys the tropes of allegory, metaphor, simile, folklore, historical events, personalities, Quranic verses, Hadith etc to make his point. I will present a selection of verses from Rumi’s Masnavi and Divan highlighting the moral psychology therein.


این جہان کوہ است و فعل ما ندا
سوئ ما آید نداہا راصدا
(M I:215)
This world is the mountain, and our action the shout: the echo of the shouts comes (back) to us.

Rumi has explained the recompense for deeds and misdeeds by comparing the whole world to a mountain. Just like the mountain returns the schists by echoing it, the good and bad deeds are accordingly rewarded in this world.
Rumi’s places a lot of emphasis on the importance of thoughts in the life of a human being. He considers that a human being is nothing but a thought itself.


ای برادر تو همان اندیشه ای
ما بقی خود استخوان و ریشه ای
گر گ‌ُل است اندیشه ای تو گُلشنی
ور بوُد خاری تو هیمه گُلخنی
Brother! Your worth is in your thoughts alone; you are blood and flesh apart from that
You are rose, if all your thoughts are selfless
If bitter, you are a thorn that is judged worthless
Brother, your worth is in your thoughts alone
M II, 277-278

The formidable effect of a person’s thoughts are highlighted in the above verses. The precursor of every action is a thought. In a sense Rumi is ahead of René Descartes (1596–1650), French philosopher, by three hundred years who affirmed cogito ergo sum ( think therefore I am!). In other words, the ability to think and perceive constituted the most important element of human existence. At many places in both Masnavi and Divan Rumi elucidates how negative thoughts disempower and depress a human being and how he can rise above those thought processes. In the opening verse of Ghazal 2500 of Divan, Rumi diagnosed that the doom and gloom is always characterised by mean thoughts of a man:


چه افسردی در آن گوشه چرا تو هم نمی‌گردی
مگر تو فکر منحوسی که جز بر غم نمی‌گرد
Why are you depressed and cornered instead of moving ahead?
But then you are an epitome of mean thought and you are obsessed over grief

In numerous verses, Rumi emphasises the layered and unfathomable inner world of a human being, making it all the more important to avoid judging someone through appearances alone. An example:


َمرد را صد سال عم و خال او
یک سر ُمویی نہ ِبیند حال اُو
A man’s paternal and maternal uncles (may see him) for a hundred years, and of his (inward) state not see (so much as) the tip of a hair (M:3, 4249)

Rumi underlines the complexity of human psyche in that it is characterised by an inner world which is rarely apparent. In other words, he implies that our judgements based on the outward appearances or behaviour of a person may well be wrong considering that appearances never represent the human being on the whole.

Regarding worldly gains and glory, Rumi maintains that on the one hand they uplift and increase a person’s standing among the people but conversely they become the reason of the downfall too as succinctly expressed in the verse below:


دشمنِ طاؤس آمد پر اُو
ای بسی شہ را بکشتہ فر اُو
The peacock’s plumage is its enemy: O many the king who hath been slain by his magnificence!
(M1:208)

Rumi is of the view that by reciprocating a bad deed, one becomes equal to the perpetrator of the act. He, therefore, exhorts restraint or better still good behaviour in response to treatment.


گر فراق بندہ از بد بندھگی است
چون تو با بد بندگی پس فرق چیست

Have I deserved my fate for some offence; If you hurt sinners what’s the difference?(M:1,1564)

It can be discerned from the above selection that besides numerous themes in his collection of verses (in Masnavi and Divan) Rumi conveys a message of morality in unmatched eloquence and clarity. Perhaps it is beauty and depth and a sense of wonder in these verses that remain relevant to date and keeps guiding anyone who immerses in the ocean of his wisdom.

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Pakistan Army Launches Rescue Operation, Missing Passengers in Deosai Found Safe

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Pakistan Army Launches Rescue Operation, Missing Passengers in Deosai

In a heartening development, the Pakistan Army successfully located 14 passengers who had gone missing in the snow-covered Deosai region while traveling from Gultari to Skardu. Heavy snowfall had severed their land connection, leaving them stranded in one of the country’s most treacherous terrains.
The individuals, reported missing yesterday, were found taking shelter in an area known as Safaid Pani. A search team dispatched from Gultari located the group, confirming their safety. Deputy Commissioner Arif Ahmed while talking to The Nation, said “All individuals are safe and in good health.” The Deputy Commissioner commended the swift response of the rescue teams in overcoming extreme weather conditions to ensure the passengers’ safety.
The ordeal began when the passengers failed to arrive at their destination, prompting relatives and locals to appeal to the Pakistan Army for immediate assistance. The Army launched a coordinated air and ground rescue operation, deploying helicopters and a team of soldiers on foot. While adverse weather conditions hindered aerial efforts, the determination of the ground team proved pivotal in tracing the missing individuals.
The passengers had taken refuge at Safaid Pani, enduring freezing temperatures and challenging conditions. Rescue teams provided them with food, medical care, and warmth before preparing to transport them to safety.
“This incident underscores the dangers of traveling through high-altitude regions like Deosai during winter. Travelers must exercise caution and ensure adequate preparation,” remarked Deputy Commissioner Ahmed.
Locals have expressed immense gratitude to the Pakistan Army and district administration for their timely intervention. “Their relentless efforts saved lives under extremely harsh conditions,” said a Skardu resident.
The successful rescue of the passengers highlights the dedication and skill of the rescue teams while drawing attention to the unpredictable and often unforgiving nature of Gilgit-Baltistan’s mountainous terrain. Authorities continue to emphasize the importance of weather awareness and safety measures for those traversing remote areas.
This rescue operation serves as a testament to the coordinated efforts of local authorities and the Pakistan Army in ensuring public safety, even under the most challenging circumstances.

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